The Daily News, January 1, 1946

Here's Month-by-month Review of Events Of 1945 -- Year of Strikes, Victory, Peace

JANUARY

After the Nazis attacked in the Battle of the Bulge in December, Americans crossed their fingers and hoped: Well, maybe Hitler will get his this year. But they weren't too sure. Patton drove into the Nazi flank in Belgium, and Clare Boothe Luce got home from Europe at 4 o'clock in the morning. Htler spoke. Germany won't surrender, he said.
There were 11,900,000 men and women in the U.S. armed forces. France formally joined the United Nations, the Luftwaffe lost 241 planes in one day, and a Japanese balloon fell in Oregon. In New York a plainclothesman bet on a horse, won, but instead of collecting arrested the bookie.
The Army was giving orders and not by mail at Montgomery Ward. Paris had no flour, Italy was without blankets. Dogs began following Illinois automobiles; when the cars stopped, the dogs ate the license plates. They were made of soy beans.
Penicillian [sic] was administered to a pneumonia-stricken Guernsey bull. In Greece, the British and the ELAS signed a truce, in Belgium the Bulge collapsed, and in America President Roosevelt was inaugurated again. He had hardly taken his hand off the Bible before his son Elliott;s bull mastiff bumped three service men from an Army plane. The Russians were 73 miles from Berlin.

FEBRUARY

East of Chicago it was the coldest winter in 25 ears. Fala's bride, on their honeymoon, bit him and he was veterinarized. A few thousand troubled GIs were AWOL in Europe. The dry crusader, "Pussyfoot" Johnson, died. Yanks entered Manila and the joyous Filipinos broke open a brewery for them. Berlin heard guns.
The "Big Three" met at Yalta. The groundhog came out, but, considering the meat shortage, went back in. First German jet fighters attacked U. S. bombers, Elliot Roosevelt became a brigadier general. Eight thousand Allied planes hit Germany, 1200 from U. S. carriers visited Tokyo. Bataan was recaptured. "I've got more land than will power," said a Florida real estate agent in trading a 50-by-100-foot lot for 15 cartons of cigarets.
Fighting began on Iwo Jima. Sixty-eight nurses liberated in the Philippines drew an average of $6500 back pay; Gloria Vanderbilt, however, came of age and got $4,500,000. The U.S. slapped a midnight curfew on all amusement places. After five weeks,14,000 miles, and a conference with Churchill and Stalin, President Roosevelt returned to the White House.

MARCH

A child was born in occupied Germany: Franklin Delano Ludwig. Gunder Haegg arrived in America, at a walk. On behalf of his miners, John L. Lewis asked soft coal operators for a royalty of 10 cents a ton. As the Ninth Army reached the Rhine, General MacArthur hoisted the American flag on Corregidor and 10 Detroit plants were closed by strikes.
Aubrey Williams as head of the REA? No, said a Senate committee. Henry Wallace became Secretary of Commerce; Secretary Perkins' daughter became single in Reno. Ed Flynn was shivering in Russia. The Marines advanced inch by inch on Iwo. The Ohio was in flood.
Sinatra's draft board held its ground, kept Frank in 4-F. Cologne fell Sales were brisk in mechanical cigaret rollers. At last cognac and perfume were on the way from France. Fraternization raised its controversial head. Before the Germans could blow it up, the Yanks captured the Rhine's Remagon Bridge. Easter clothing ads appeared.
Red Skelton married a former model, but kept his earlier wife as manager. Jelly bombs, made from a new U.S. recipe, were dropped on Tokyo. The end began on Iwo. Crosby and Bergman won Oscars. Commando Kelly was married, the Duke of Windsor quit the Bahamas, and Lloyd George died of the flu. In Chicago a collie going blind got a dachshund for a seeing eye.
Final Marine payment on Iwo: 4189 dead, 15,308 wounded, 441 missing. The prosecutor found six packs and the defense attorney personally donated cigars when a murder trial jury asked for cigarets. Argentine hem-hawed, then declared war on the axis.

APRIL

Sunday was April Fool's Day and landing day on Okinawa. Vince DiMaggio, without moving, went from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia. Book of the Month: The seed catalogue. To the Fashion Group luncheon in Washington, Mrs. Roosevelt wore a five-year-old dress. Russia called it quits with the Japanese. Critics named "The Glass Menagerie" the season's best play. How Yanks captured six German villages: "We just phoned the burgermeister and told him we were coming." The race was on across the Reich.
"I have a terrific headache," said President Roosevelt, 63, and died at Warm Springs, Ga.
The Truman family of Washington, D. C., moved out of their five-room apartment. Redeployment from Europe to the Pacific began. Deems Taylor was married. Major Bowes retired. A Los Angeles jury declared Charlie Chaplin was a father.
Ernie Pyle was killed.
Book: "American Guerilla in the Phillippines." Nuernberg fell. Gloria Vanderbilt divorced Pat DiCicco, and married Leopold Stokowski. Forty-six nations met, peacefully, in San Francisco. Petain surrendered for trial.
Goering was kicked out of the Lufwaffe, but that was nothing; Italian partisans hung the dead Mussolini by his heels on a filling station. News: Photographs of horribly emaciated prisoners of the Germans. There were toasts as U. S. and Russian armies joined.

MAY

New brands of "cigarets," inspired by the shortage, appeared. Hitler was dead -- the Nazis said. Mussolini, the blood scrubbed off his face, was buried in a pauper's grave. The war ended in Europe.
As a Philadelphia woman knelt to pray for her son's return from the Pacific he stepped up and touched her on the shoulder. "Harvey" won the Pulitzer prize. Display lighting came on again. In Omaha, it snowed. All that was in Hitler's safe were 12 copies of "Mein Kampf."Lend lease for Russia was suspended.
The WAC had its third birthday. Ley and Goering were captured. Scared [sic] and crippled, the carrier Franklin sailed 12,000 miles home under her own power, a thid of her crew lost or injured. Fritz Kuhn got the gate from the state department. North-south freight rates were readjusted. Lauren Bacall and Humphrey Bogart became he-man and wife. Horse racing resumed. A mother asked a Connecticut ration board for enough points to gt her son out of the Army.
A New York Jew captured Julius Streicher. Cabinet footnotes: Out -- Biddle, Perkins, Wickard; In -- Clark, Schwellenbach, anderson. Churchill resigned to force a general election. Henrich Himmler, a prisoner, killed himself with poison. Harry Hopkins talked an hour and a half with Stalin. Lord Haw Haw was seized in Germany. Truman and Hoover talked about food, but Hoover left the White House before lunch. Violence flared in the Middle East. A balloon bomb killed six inquisitive people in Oregon.

JUNE

The new Ford went on display! Esquire Magazine won back its second-class mailing privileges, Varga girls and all. The four Allies formally took over control of Germany. Hoop Jr.won the Kentucky Derby. When a Negro GI in Australia sen home $38,000 after a crap game, the U. S. Treasury faded him for $18,000, and won.
Was Hitler in Spain? Don't be silly, said the Spaniards. Laborite Bevan, in the House of Commons, called Lady Astor an Old Gas Bag; "Oh, dear!" she replied. The OWI got its funds cut two thirds. Fred Allen turned up in a movie after four unfilmed years. The house passed the anti-poll tax bill.
Three were acquitted and 12 sentenced to prison of 15 Poles accused by Russia of subversive activity behind the lines. Four hundred GI's Australian wives sailed for their new home from Melbourne; 14,536, the largest single contingent of soldiers home from Europe, docked in New Tork. Four hundred soldiers drove trucks during a Chicago drivers' strike.

 

The Big Three planned to meet at Berlin. Ferruccio Parri became premier of Italy. Lt. Gen. Buckner was kiled on Okinawa. A new York bank teller accused of embezzling $17.375 said he did it to meet his income tax payment. Strikes had doubled since V-E Day, but reduced military needs made the meat situation considerably rosier. President Truman closed the United Nations Conference. Most popular subject for magazine articles: Russia.
The Germans were discovered to have planned a platform 5100 miles above the earth from which, after 50 or 100 years' work, they could harness the sun to demolish nations. A glider picked up on the fly brought the Wac corporal and two Army airmen out of their six weeks' Shangri-La in New Guinea. Price control was extended another year. A Cleveland blind man was convicted of robbing a deaf man after a deaf-mute testified in writing that he saw him do it.

JULY

Mayor LaGuardia read the comics over the air -- with gestures. Harry Hopkins resigned and Tom Paine's citizenship was restored at New Rochelle, N. Y. The Treasury began investigating Elliott Roosevelt's loans.

[missing]

[September]

... The American flag went up on Wake Island; Wainwright took the surrender of Yamashita;s remnant army in the Philippines.
The hay fever was terrible. Congress reconvened. The Chiangs were reunited after 14 months apart. Quisling wept. Harry Hopkins got the DSM. The Russians beat the Americans in a radio chess tournament. The Sanate voted for a Pearl Harbor inquiry and President Truman said, in effect, O. K. The word "war" came off U. S. Savings Bonds and cheese rationing ended.
For the first time in six years or more, no war communique was issued anywhere in the world. Berlin's remaining 400 Jews celebrated Rosh Hashanah. The U. S. gave Fritz Kuhn a ticket back to Germany, although he had not asked for one. The Army cancelled its cigaret orders. Quisling received the death sentence. A "plaster" Madonna and Child at Vassar turned out to be a valuable French original 500 years old. Tojo tried suicide. General Pershing turned 86. It was not Hirohito's white one, but Admiral Halsey rode a horse in Tokyo. Third-quarter income tax payments came due.
The government allowed John Hartford an income tax deduction of $196,000 lost in a $200,000 loan to Elliott Roosevelt. Shirley Temple was on her honeymoon about the time it became World War II, officially, by presidential approval. The London session of the Council of Foreign Ministers drew morosely to a close. A major in the U. S. Army changed his name to Harrison; it had been Adolf Hitler. Henry Ford II, 28, became president of the company. Hirohito called on MacArthur and found him in. Clocks were turned back an hour. In the United States there were 1,800,000 idle in labor disputes.

OCTOBER

At his own treason trial Pierre Laval was ordered from court. Eleven thousand one hundred and forty-five Canadians were AWOL. As the Globester flew around the world in 150 hours Indonesian Nationals were taking over a few cities. Airplanes went on sale in New York department stores. General Patton became head of the 15th Army, which has no tanks. Color pictures were televised successfully. A Jersey City draft board accepted six veterans' invitation to dinner; the draft men had C and K rations, the ex-GI's had spaghetti and steaks.
The D. A. R. refused to let Hazel Scott play the piano in Constitution Hall

[missing]

... Pacific men with few points were replacing women with many. Stettinius, ill with gallstone trouble, flew home from London, and there was a hunger march in Tokyo. Control of Montgomery Ward passed from the Army back to the company.
A wife-beater in Maryland and a housebreaker in Colorado were lashed for punishment. The Georgia Ku Klux Klan, "fighting communism," burned a cross. Organized baseball got its first Negro player: Shortstop Jack Roosevelt Robinson, Montreal of the International League. Russia signed the United Nations charter, making it effective, a German invented a device to turn rubble into building bricks, and Quisling was shot.
Both houses agreed to cut 1946 taxes $5,920,000. Football attendance was up 17.1 percent over October of 1944. The British fought the Indonesians on Java; civil war was spreading in north China. President Medina of Venezuela was revolutionized out, and President Vargas of Brazil resigned. Shoe rationing ended.

NOVEMBER

Was it a short-lived peace? Indonesians rebelled in Java, Nationalists and Reds battled in China, riots broke out in Palestine, Cairo, the Balkans. London scientists played with alloxazine, a chemical, and produced rats colored orange and sky blue. Commando Kelly, the Congressional medal winner, was reconverted in his own filling station at Pittsburgh. Winston Churchill admitted a life-long ambition to play the kettle drums.
Generals and admirals argued whether to merge the Army and Navy. Everybody's question: Should Russia get the atom secret? Attlee and Truman met in Washington, decided to turn atomic data over eventually to UNO. Cordell Hill won the Nobel Prize then appeared before the Congressional committee digging for the story of Pearl Harbor. Shanghai trolley workers won a strike and got a raise of $15,000 a month -- in inflated Chinese money. Going out: General George C. Marshall as Army Chief of Staff, Admiral Ernest J. King, as Chief of Naval Operations. Going In: Ike Eisenhower, Admiral Chester Nimitz. New York elected a new mayor: Murder-Buster Bill O'Dwyer.
The "Big Four" lined up against Nazi war criminals at Nuernberg. Maj. Gen. Patrick Hurley let loose at U. S. "career diplomats" in the Far East and quit as ambassador to China. His successor: General Marshal. Episcopal Bishop Manning divorced Elliott Roosevelt from his newly appointed post as vestryman of St. James Church at Hyde Park. All food rationing ended -- except for sugar -- and the CIO Auto Workers walked out of General Motors with demands for a 30 percent raise. Separatists rose up in Iran, and Yugoslavia proclaimed a federal republic. You can't do that to me, hoped King Peter. The Roosevelt dog Blaze was bumped off after attacking the Roosevelt dog Fala.

DECEMBER

"We are at war." said R. J. Thomas, international president of the United Automobile Workers who were picketing General Motors. General Tomoyuki Yamashita lost an appeal to appear before the U. S. Supreme Court in Washington, and the tamed "Tiger of Malaya" got sentenced to death by hanging. The whole country could look forward to news out of the Hat: New York's retiring Mayor La Guardia signed to broadcast his comments coast to coast. Army's steam-rolling football team ended its undefeated season with a victory over Navy.
Truman drew some boos and some cheers from both sides when he proposed a law forbidding crucial strikes until impartial "fact-finders" had a chance to make recommendations. The Pearl Harbor inquiry spilled all -- or almost all -- about how America's code-breakers worked before Pearl Harbor. The U. S. talked of a $4,400,000,000 loan for Britain, at 2 percent interest, and the 11 billion dollar Victory Loan drive went over the top. New York had a five-way apartment swap and was claiming the record. General George S. Patton's neck was broken in an automobile accident in Germany and he died on Dec. 21.
An unarmed U. S. Marine on horseback was shot by natives in China. Armed Japanese soldiers continued to menace civilians in Northern Luzon and Mindanao in the Philippines.

* Sorry so much is missing - I lost the rest of my photocopy. Will copy this article again next time I have access to the microfilm.

Duquesne News

Year 1945 Sees Turn To Peacetime Living

The year 1945 saw this city turn again to peacetime living after four years in which little but the war and home front production occupied minds of its more than 20,000 residents.

/last year Duquesne had more than 2800 sons on the battlefronts and in this nation's camps. They staged two giant celebrations marking end of hostilities in World War II. More than 1000 men returned to near-normal operations. Unofficial totals listed 67 who died in service.

Rationing ended on all products but sugar and gradually community efforts turned from war production to peacetime activity.

Republicans swept into office in the Nov. 6 election, with Councilman Frank Kopriver Jr. making good his attempt to defeat Mayor Elmer J. Maloy.

In January war thoughts were interrupted by problems raised by the Christmas Eve fire, a $250,000 blaze which swept six North First St. buildings, destroying four and gutting two. Homes were sought for more than 30 families, possible fire hazards were investigated and Council sought a new 65-foot aerial fire truck. The structures which were now skeletons were finally razed.

Laundryman Killed

A Chinese laundryman, Charlie Yee, about 55, was killed in a fire which wrecked his shop in West Grant Ave. A 10-mill tax was adopted at about the time the city staged its first and only blood donor drive.

Seven city men were listed missing in action. The high school district champion football team was honored for the first time and was feted several times during the following months.

A dimout of lighting and a midnight amusement curfew came in February in line with war measures to save power and energy. The first honor roll ever compiled for World [War] I was completed and displayed in the City Hall. Scouts held their annual Scout Week.

Cage Team Loses

High school students for the first time in school history answered questionnaires on the attitude and opinions. Duquesne High lost to Connellsville in the first round of WPIAL play after winning the Section Six crown. Plans fell through for remodeling the closed Kennedy School into a basketball arena. Five from the city were killed, two were missing and one was a prisoner.

Councilman John P. Rush resigned in March and the four remaining officials deadlocked on a successor. A court appointment later gave the post to Edwin M. Pirl. Health Officer Francis P. Long resigned to enter business and Police Captain William S. Raible was appointed the following month. Council sought removal of the North Duquesne Ave. labor camp, built to house imported mill workers.

On the war front the annual Red Cross Drive was staged and a salvage paper drive brought in a railroad carload. Campaign for a new basketball floor continued as the junior high won the Section Eight crown, lost to Aliquippa in the WPIAL semi-finals. William S. Kowallis was named senior high baseball coach. Five city men were killed in action, one was a prisoner.

Fire Homes Started

April saw the last wartime Easter celebration. Two 12-family apartment buildings were started in Duquesne Place to house families left without homes by the Christmas fire. Council aided an attempt to have Congressional law require that government-installed machinery be taxed. It turned down a part payment on the local war plant due to lack of tax money for machinery. Floyd Rader, city gardener was fired with action upheld by the CIO. Council moved to eliminate chicken coops.

Five candidates were listed for mayor at the June 19 primaries. Burns Heights organized a "Teen Town" youth city, followed by Cochrandale Housing Project. News of President Roosevelt's death stunned residents.

J. L. Perry, president of the Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp., denied value of foremen's unions at a plant foremen's banquet. Duquesne High's building passed its 30th year. Thirty tons were netted in the United National Clothing Drive. Two men were killed in action, two listed as prisoners.

Celebrate VE Day

In May the city quietly celebrated defeat of Germany in Europe and held a Memorial Day observance as the month ended. The city opened its Seventh War Loan drive, which eventually set a new record for bond sales. Pfc. John Holuka was the first city soldier to be honorably discharged under the point system.

Schools honored four top students, graduated 268. Miss Reges Kenney, board secretary, Dr. W. W. Mills, school physician and School Treasurer John C. Meighen were re-elected to school posts. The senior play was held.

The city erased its floating debt from 1944 of $15,000, and Democrats showed a gain of 31 votes in field registration. Two city men were killed in action.

Boy Drowned In June

In June Gary Edgell, 9, of Burns Heights, was drowned in the Monongahela river, his body being found a few days later.

Mayor Elmer J. Maloy, Democrat, and Councilman Frank Kopriver Jr., Republican, won nominations in the mayor's race June 19, and that month William F. Allen was named to the Civil Service Board. Dr. F. J. Madden was recognized for 50 years of medical service, most of them in Duquesne. A paper salvage drive netted one carload. One man was listed killed in action.

The Seventh War Loan drive shattered an all-time record with more than $4,650,000 worth of bonds sold as July got under way. Independence Day was noiseless as it had been for four years. The School Board increased its coaching staff with John A. Donelli at the head of the football team and William P. Lemmer head basketball coach.

Executives in Wreck

Big events were listed for future patriotic holidays by a civic committee. School sports broke even for the 1944-45 season. K. H. McLaurin, Duquesne Works superintendent, and Willis F. Doney, head of the First National Bank, were injured in an auto accident. Boy and Girl Scouts held their annual two-weeks' outings. The city ordered its new 65-foot aerial ladder truck which was still not delivered at the end of the year.

Ground was broken for a new bus terminal at Duquesne Place in August. A new veterans organization, the Amvets, was formed. The School Board reversed a decision when it made William S. Kowallis faculty manager of athletics after firing him in 1944.

The night of Aug. 14 was a red letter day when frenzy broke loose over Japan's surrender. The city was a teeming mass of human beings, screaming their joy at the peace in a night-long celebration. Plans were made for an official V-J Day. City men over 26 years of age became exempt from the peacetime draft.

City Celebrates Again

The city celebrated peace again at the businessmen's outing at Kennywood Park, the day on which gasoline rationing ended. Duquesne Memorial Post No. 448, American Legion opened an honor roll drive.

A giant V-J Day parade on Sept. 2 marked the second celebration of the war's end. Schools opened with more than 2700 enrolled. Council renewed pre-war arguments on location of a proposed new garbage furnace for the city, with a site eventually being picked at the McKeesport Bridge. School grade teachers were given a salary-boost under state law.

City schools held their first state-required health tests in addition to tests sponsored by the district. Democrats gained 50 votes over Republicans in field registrations. Duquesne Businessmen's Assn. Sought action on filling of the Kennywood ravine for a highway in preference to building a new bridge at the point. The Legion bought a new post home on South Duquesne Ave. The United Fund Drive opened

Trade School Seen

In October Fire Chief Lawrence Trainor was honored in Pittsburgh as retiring County Commander of the American Legion. City schools obtained $20,000 worth of surplus war machinery for a proposed vocational school. Teachers were given a 25-day sick leave limit that month and a bus stop at Second St. going up West Grant Ave. was re-installed.

The city hall reached freezing temperatures for about a week as officials attempted to repair the building's furnace. Health Officer Raible started new rigid state health inspections of eating and drinking places.

Duquesne defeated McKeesport High in a feature football game. St. Hedwig's Polish Church celebrated its Golden Jubilee. Miss Mary Kisiak, chief clerk of Local Draft Board No. 26 resigned. The Victory Loan drive opened.

GOP Sweeps Election

For the first time in several years the city held a Halloween parade, sponsored by the Businessmen and the Legion.

The Republican sweep which placed Kopriver in office and returned two Councilmen, two school directors and a controller featured November. It marked the third election battle for the two mayor candidates, two of which Mr. Maloy had won.

Catholic Daughters of America received a bond citation. The city observed a quiet Armistice Day. St. Nicholas Russian Church feted the most Rev. Archbishop Alexis, delegate of the Moscow Patriarch in November. A solemn Thanksgiving was observed. Local steel-workers voted 5 to 1 in favor of a Jan. 14 strike to enforce a two-dollar a day pay raise.

Board Re-Organizes

Corporal George Gonos returned from Japan where he spent three and a half years a Japanese prisoner.

In December Directors George L. Gallatin and Raymond F. McDonald retired from the School Board, with Robert B. Reed and Clarence L. Smith taking office. J. Joseph Riles was re-elected Board president, with Eugene R. Hollar as vice president. A raise in city tax to 12 mills was virtually assured with introduction of the budget by Council. Salary increases were sought by police and the city employes' union. The School Board boosted its fire insurance coverage by $541,000.

Schools honored the district champion football team this year. The Lions Club made plans for setting up a youth center at the newly-bought Leighty Farm, Westmoreland County. The city joined a fund drive to build a McKeesport Hospital annex. A heavy snow brought a snow plow and a highlift into action. Councilman John W. Bires threatened to sue the city over a boost in tax assessment on his West Grant Ave. garage and home.

Mayor Maloy presided at his final meeting of the year. A $40,000 goal was set in the hospital campaign.

 

Holiday Sees No Accidents

No serious accidents marred the city's celebration of New Years Eve, police reported today.

Despite a snowfall which combined with a drop in temperatures last night, caused ice and hazardous driving, motorists out for a night of fun were involved in no serious collisions here, police said.

Traffic lights continued on the blinker system on all hill streets in order to permit cars to retain traction. Red lights blinked at side streets with cars going up and down the hills given the right of way.

No fires were reported, although two false alarms at South Duquesne and Walnut Aves. And at south Duquesne and McKee Aves. Brought firemen to the scene.

No public celebrations were held in observance of New Years, but family gatherings marked some of the most joyous celebrations in years due to the outlook for a bright and peaceful 1946.

Fowler on Duty With USS Siboney

Harry R. Fowler, son of Mr. and Mrs. C. K. Fowler, of 1412 Highland Ave., is aboard the USS Siboney, a carrier with the Pacific fleet. The ship was mentioned recently in a dispatch.

Fowler is a former basketball star at Duquesne High School. He played for the 1945 team which won the Section 6 championship.

 

Army Nurse Home

First Lieut. Ora V. Yaest, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Francis J. Yaest, 101 South First St., is home on terminal leave from Italy, where she was last stationed. The Army nurse returned aboard the USS Randolph, a carrier.

Lieutenant Yaest entered service on Jan. 15, 1943 and went overseas in October that year. She saw service in India, Iran and Italy. She will be honorably discharged at the end of her leave.

 

Two False Alarms

Firemen answered two false alarms within three minutes yesterday. At 12:05 p.m. they answered a call at South Duquesne and Walnut Aves. And at 12:08 they were called to South Duquesne and McKee Aves., near McKeesport Bridge.

 

 

Duquesne Briefs

The Duquesne Police Pension fund Assn. Will meet tomorrow at 3 p.m. in the City Hall. Annual election of officers will be held.

Excelsior Bible Class of the First Methodist Church will hold its monthly meeting Thursday at 7:30 p.m. in the church Sunday school room.

EM 2/c Regis Butler, of 17 North Fifth St., is in Hawaii enroute to the Pacific Coast, his family reported today. He expects to be home this month.